Mohave Pottery — Key Ideas to Explore

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1961

KRAUS REPRINT CO. Millwood, New York 1976

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND

_Reprinted with the permission of the University of California Press_

A U.S. Division of Kraus-Thomson Organization Limited

1. Mohave Pottery, by A. L. Kroeber and Michael J. Harner 1 2. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley, California, by S. F. Cook 31 3. The Aboriginal Population of the North Coast of California, by S. F. Cook 81 4. The Aboriginal Population of Alameda and Contra Costa Counties, California, by S. F. Cook 131 5. California Athabascan Groups, by Martin A. Baumhoff 157 6. Colonial Expeditions to the Interior of California, Central Valley, 1800-1820, by S. F. Cook 239 7. Shoshone-Bannock Subsistence and Society, by Robert F. Murphy and Yolanda Murphy 293 8. A Burial Cave in Baja California, The Palmer Collection, 1887, by William C. Massey and Carolyn M. Osborne 339 9. Washo Religion, by James F. Downs 365

BY A. L. KROEBER AND MICHAEL J. HARNER

ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS Vol. 16, No. 1 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

ANTHROPOLOGICAL RECORDS

Editors (Berkeley): R. L. Olson, R. F. Heizer, T. D. McCown, J. H. Rowe Volume 16, No. 1, pp. 1-30, plates 1-8, 2 figures in text

Submitted by editors August 4, 1954 Issued May 6, 1955 Price, 75 cents

University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles California

Cambridge University Press London, England

Manufactured in the United States of America

The pottery here described was collected fifty years ago by Kroeber and is all in the University's Museum of Anthropology.

It is described for ethnological comparability by Kroeber, with emphasis on use, shape, painted design, and names of designs; and for archaeological utilization by Harner, with special attention to ware, temper, firing, hardness, forms, paint and color, and technological considerations generally. The two parts were written independently. They overlap here and there, especially on vessel shapes; but, after a few duplications were excised, it has seemed advantageous, after adding a brief concordance of terms employed by the two authors, to let the independent treatments of shapes stand double.

No comparisons with other native ceramic arts, recent or ancient, are undertaken by us.

PART I. ETHNOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Page Pottery shapes recognized by the Mohave 1 Pottery objects other than vessels 2 Technological notes 2 Description of the pottery 3 Plate 1: Bowls 3 Plate 2: Bowls 3 Plate 3: Platters 4 Plate 4: Spoons 5 Plate 5: Jars, pots, jugs, cups 6 Plate 6: Bowls, platters, parchers, canteens 7 Plate 7: Spoon backs, toys, pipes, pot rests 7 Plate 8: Jar, cup, platter, bowls, spoons 8 Summary of shapes 8 Summary of painted designs and elements 9 The Mohave pottery style 10

Appendix I. Memoranda on the destroyed Academy collection 12 Appendix II. A small Mohave bowl 12 Appendix III. Granite temper and limonite pigment examination, by Professor Charles Meyer 13 Appendix IV. Mohave pottery in other museums 13 Appendix V. Correlation of Kroeber and Harner shape classes 13

PART II. A DESCRIPTION FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGIST

PARKER RED-ON-BUFF, FORT MOHAVE VARIANT, AND PARKER BUFF, FORT MOHAVE VARIANT

Introduction 15 Parker Red-on-Buff, Fort Mohave variant 16 Parker Buff, Fort Mohave variant 18 Bibliography 20 Plates 23

PART I ETHNOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

POTTERY SHAPES RECOGNIZED BY THE MOHAVE

The generic Mohave name for pottery vessels seems to be kwáθki,[1] the word for bowl.

[1] Orthography: θ, ð, like th in thick, this; s, somewhat retroflex; tš, much like English ch; ly, ny, palatalized l, n, like Castilian ll, ñ (y is never a vowel in the transcription used); v, bilabial; t, retroflex; ', glottal stop; q, a back k; h is rather faint initially, but rough, nearly like Spanish j when medial, final (or initial through slurring of an unaccented initial vowel). Unaccented phonemic a is sounded a or e indifferently. Length is not indicated in this paper. The acute accent on vowels indicates a stressed syllable, which is also raised in pitch.

The shapes for which Mohave names were obtained are mainly those which segregate out objectively on examination of a collection:

kwáθki, an open bowl with slightly everted lip, often with a band of mesquite bark--both bean mesquite and screw mesquite are specified in my notes--tied around the neck. The shape is shown in pls. 1, 2, 6,_a_-_c_, 8,_d_-_h_; the name kwáθki was specifically applied to 1,_d_, 2,_b_, 2,_h_, 6,_a_.

kayéθa, a platter, that is, a low round bowl or flat dish without neck or everted lip, was applied to pl. 3,_d_. The shape is shown in pls. 3,_a_-_d_, _g_, 8,_c_.

kayúka, pl. 3,_c_, or kakápa, also a platter, but oval, and smaller. Pls. 3,_e_, _f_, _h_-_j_, 6,_d_, _e_.